Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria

Ande Sesugh; Itodo Adams Udoji; Anza Samuel Vaachia; Tyem Danjuma Idris

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14

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Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria

Ande Sesugh, Itodo Adams Udoji, Anza Samuel Vaachia, Tyem Danjuma Idris

Published in Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 26 April 2023 Accepted: 23 May 2023 Published: 27 July 2023

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Abstract

Background: River Pil-gany water just like any other is put to several uses, including human consumption. Recently, contamination and pollution of water resulting from human activities have greatly threatened the quality of water; to a point that despite the abundance of water, its availability for use is challenged. It is therefore pertinent to ascertain the quality of water bodies that have found varied uses and are surrounded by potential contamination sources. Objective: The objective therefore was to ascertain, compare and establish the level of contamination of the water and sediment of Pil-gany with respect to selected heavy metals. Method: The seasonal quality of river Pil-gany; water and sediment was assessed with regards to potential toxic heavy metals, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), through sample digestion and analysis. Results: The metals were assessed for samples obtained in December, 2018 and in August, 2019, and they included; Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. The analysis of water samples obtained from different sampling points (Angwan Tabo, Gongani, Pishe, and Zamadede), in rainy and dry seasons, gave heavy metal concentrations in the following ranges; Cd (<0.001 - 0.003), Cr (0.070 - 1.983), Cu (<0.002 – 0.003), Fe (<0.003 - 0.882), Mn (0.005 - 0.477), Pb (0.01 – 1.097), Zn (<0.021 - 0.024), all in mg/L. On the other hand, the sediment thereof was found to contain the potential toxic heavy metals at different sampling units; (Angwan Tabo, Gongani, Pishe, and Zamadede), in rainy and dry seasons; in the following ranges; Cd (1.190 – 7.540), Cr (4.730 – 20.803), Cu (4.760 – 10.500), Fe (1744.000 – 8349.327), Mn (266.000 – 373.830), Pb (0.003 – 277.000), Zn (12.200 – 19.900), all in mg/L. Conclusion: All elements tested for, were detected in water samples obtained during rainy season though, at higher concentrations compared to those obtained during dry season. From the forgoing, some metals were detected only or rather in higher concentrations during rainy season; this might be that they were freshly washed in. The potential toxic metals present in the sediment were also present in the water. Variations were observed in their contents, in which cases some were above while other below the permissible limit set by regulatory bodies (NOAA/WHO). This may be attributed to adsorption capacity of the metals to the sediment, influx from originating sources in case of non-deposit contamination as well as topography of the river. The water body is generally regarded as not safe for consumption particularly for drinking; following its contamination and potential re-contamination from sediment-to-water transfer of toxic metals.

Published in	Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14
Page(s)	38-43
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Contamination, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

References

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APA Style

Ande Sesugh, Itodo Adams Udoji, Anza Samuel Vaachia, Tyem Danjuma Idris. (2023). Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria. Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, 7(1), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14

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ACS Style

Ande Sesugh; Itodo Adams Udoji; Anza Samuel Vaachia; Tyem Danjuma Idris. Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria. J. Chem. Environ. Biol. Eng. 2023, 7(1), 38-43. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14

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AMA Style

Ande Sesugh, Itodo Adams Udoji, Anza Samuel Vaachia, Tyem Danjuma Idris. Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria. J Chem Environ Biol Eng. 2023;7(1):38-43. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14

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@article{10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14,
  author = {Ande Sesugh and Itodo Adams Udoji and Anza Samuel Vaachia and Tyem Danjuma Idris},
  title = {Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jcebe.20230701.14},
  abstract = {Background: River Pil-gany water just like any other is put to several uses, including human consumption. Recently, contamination and pollution of water resulting from human activities have greatly threatened the quality of water; to a point that despite the abundance of water, its availability for use is challenged. It is therefore pertinent to ascertain the quality of water bodies that have found varied uses and are surrounded by potential contamination sources. Objective: The objective therefore was to ascertain, compare and establish the level of contamination of the water and sediment of Pil-gany with respect to selected heavy metals. Method: The seasonal quality of river Pil-gany; water and sediment was assessed with regards to potential toxic heavy metals, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), through sample digestion and analysis. Results: The metals were assessed for samples obtained in December, 2018 and in August, 2019, and they included; Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. The analysis of water samples obtained from different sampling points (Angwan Tabo, Gongani, Pishe, and Zamadede), in rainy and dry seasons, gave heavy metal concentrations in the following ranges; Cd (Conclusion: All elements tested for, were detected in water samples obtained during rainy season though, at higher concentrations compared to those obtained during dry season. From the forgoing, some metals were detected only or rather in higher concentrations during rainy season; this might be that they were freshly washed in. The potential toxic metals present in the sediment were also present in the water. Variations were observed in their contents, in which cases some were above while other below the permissible limit set by regulatory bodies (NOAA/WHO). This may be attributed to adsorption capacity of the metals to the sediment, influx from originating sources in case of non-deposit contamination as well as topography of the river. The water body is generally regarded as not safe for consumption particularly for drinking; following its contamination and potential re-contamination from sediment-to-water transfer of toxic metals.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria
AU  - Ande Sesugh
AU  - Itodo Adams Udoji
AU  - Anza Samuel Vaachia
AU  - Tyem Danjuma Idris
Y1  - 2023/07/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14
T2  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JF  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JO  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
SP  - 38
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-267X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14
AB  - Background: River Pil-gany water just like any other is put to several uses, including human consumption. Recently, contamination and pollution of water resulting from human activities have greatly threatened the quality of water; to a point that despite the abundance of water, its availability for use is challenged. It is therefore pertinent to ascertain the quality of water bodies that have found varied uses and are surrounded by potential contamination sources. Objective: The objective therefore was to ascertain, compare and establish the level of contamination of the water and sediment of Pil-gany with respect to selected heavy metals. Method: The seasonal quality of river Pil-gany; water and sediment was assessed with regards to potential toxic heavy metals, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), through sample digestion and analysis. Results: The metals were assessed for samples obtained in December, 2018 and in August, 2019, and they included; Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. The analysis of water samples obtained from different sampling points (Angwan Tabo, Gongani, Pishe, and Zamadede), in rainy and dry seasons, gave heavy metal concentrations in the following ranges; Cd (Conclusion: All elements tested for, were detected in water samples obtained during rainy season though, at higher concentrations compared to those obtained during dry season. From the forgoing, some metals were detected only or rather in higher concentrations during rainy season; this might be that they were freshly washed in. The potential toxic metals present in the sediment were also present in the water. Variations were observed in their contents, in which cases some were above while other below the permissible limit set by regulatory bodies (NOAA/WHO). This may be attributed to adsorption capacity of the metals to the sediment, influx from originating sources in case of non-deposit contamination as well as topography of the river. The water body is generally regarded as not safe for consumption particularly for drinking; following its contamination and potential re-contamination from sediment-to-water transfer of toxic metals.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ande Sesugh

Department of Chemistry and Centre for Agrochemical Technology and Environmental, Research (CATER), Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Itodo Adams Udoji

Department of Chemistry and Centre for Agrochemical Technology and Environmental, Research (CATER), Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Anza Samuel Vaachia

Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Tyem Danjuma Idris

Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ande Sesugh, Itodo Adams Udoji, Anza Samuel Vaachia, Tyem Danjuma Idris. (2023). Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria. Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, 7(1), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14

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ACS Style

Ande Sesugh; Itodo Adams Udoji; Anza Samuel Vaachia; Tyem Danjuma Idris. Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria. J. Chem. Environ. Biol. Eng. 2023, 7(1), 38-43. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14

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AMA Style

Ande Sesugh, Itodo Adams Udoji, Anza Samuel Vaachia, Tyem Danjuma Idris. Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria. J Chem Environ Biol Eng. 2023;7(1):38-43. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14,
  author = {Ande Sesugh and Itodo Adams Udoji and Anza Samuel Vaachia and Tyem Danjuma Idris},
  title = {Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jcebe.20230701.14},
  abstract = {Background: River Pil-gany water just like any other is put to several uses, including human consumption. Recently, contamination and pollution of water resulting from human activities have greatly threatened the quality of water; to a point that despite the abundance of water, its availability for use is challenged. It is therefore pertinent to ascertain the quality of water bodies that have found varied uses and are surrounded by potential contamination sources. Objective: The objective therefore was to ascertain, compare and establish the level of contamination of the water and sediment of Pil-gany with respect to selected heavy metals. Method: The seasonal quality of river Pil-gany; water and sediment was assessed with regards to potential toxic heavy metals, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), through sample digestion and analysis. Results: The metals were assessed for samples obtained in December, 2018 and in August, 2019, and they included; Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. The analysis of water samples obtained from different sampling points (Angwan Tabo, Gongani, Pishe, and Zamadede), in rainy and dry seasons, gave heavy metal concentrations in the following ranges; Cd (Conclusion: All elements tested for, were detected in water samples obtained during rainy season though, at higher concentrations compared to those obtained during dry season. From the forgoing, some metals were detected only or rather in higher concentrations during rainy season; this might be that they were freshly washed in. The potential toxic metals present in the sediment were also present in the water. Variations were observed in their contents, in which cases some were above while other below the permissible limit set by regulatory bodies (NOAA/WHO). This may be attributed to adsorption capacity of the metals to the sediment, influx from originating sources in case of non-deposit contamination as well as topography of the river. The water body is generally regarded as not safe for consumption particularly for drinking; following its contamination and potential re-contamination from sediment-to-water transfer of toxic metals.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria
AU  - Ande Sesugh
AU  - Itodo Adams Udoji
AU  - Anza Samuel Vaachia
AU  - Tyem Danjuma Idris
Y1  - 2023/07/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14
T2  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JF  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JO  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
SP  - 38
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-267X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20230701.14
AB  - Background: River Pil-gany water just like any other is put to several uses, including human consumption. Recently, contamination and pollution of water resulting from human activities have greatly threatened the quality of water; to a point that despite the abundance of water, its availability for use is challenged. It is therefore pertinent to ascertain the quality of water bodies that have found varied uses and are surrounded by potential contamination sources. Objective: The objective therefore was to ascertain, compare and establish the level of contamination of the water and sediment of Pil-gany with respect to selected heavy metals. Method: The seasonal quality of river Pil-gany; water and sediment was assessed with regards to potential toxic heavy metals, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), through sample digestion and analysis. Results: The metals were assessed for samples obtained in December, 2018 and in August, 2019, and they included; Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. The analysis of water samples obtained from different sampling points (Angwan Tabo, Gongani, Pishe, and Zamadede), in rainy and dry seasons, gave heavy metal concentrations in the following ranges; Cd (Conclusion: All elements tested for, were detected in water samples obtained during rainy season though, at higher concentrations compared to those obtained during dry season. From the forgoing, some metals were detected only or rather in higher concentrations during rainy season; this might be that they were freshly washed in. The potential toxic metals present in the sediment were also present in the water. Variations were observed in their contents, in which cases some were above while other below the permissible limit set by regulatory bodies (NOAA/WHO). This may be attributed to adsorption capacity of the metals to the sediment, influx from originating sources in case of non-deposit contamination as well as topography of the river. The water body is generally regarded as not safe for consumption particularly for drinking; following its contamination and potential re-contamination from sediment-to-water transfer of toxic metals.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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