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Briquette Potential of Municipal Solid Waste and Agro-Waste as Clean Energy Source and Waste Management: The Case of Boditi Area, Ethiopia
Eminet Eyasu Gebeyehu,
Ashenafi Abebe,
Takele Teshome
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
1-23
Received:
6 May 2023
Accepted:
12 June 2023
Published:
27 June 2023
Abstract: In this paper we have studied from every day more than 209 tons of waste containing more than 40% of organic material is Generated in the city of boditi. Municipal solid waste (MSW) commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of Everyday items that are discarded by the public. “Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, a sina garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. The paper covers that the objectives of the study were to produce fuel briquette from municipal solid waste and agro waste which generated from boditi area as well as to evaluate the fuel quality of the briquettes, estimate their potential through determination of other biomass briquettes. The avocado’s and mangos leaves residue were carbonized in oxygen scare environment separately by using carbonizing kiln at alternative energy development and promotion directorate. Then the carbonized resources were crushed to fine particles and mixed with a binder and transformed to briquettes by using beehive briquette machine. Triplicate samples were taking for laboratory analysis and carried out by Wolaita Sodo University for testing and materials procedure. We found that the fuel briquette produced from Avocados and Mangos leaves residue could be used as an alternative source of energy reduce and improve waste management.
Abstract: In this paper we have studied from every day more than 209 tons of waste containing more than 40% of organic material is Generated in the city of boditi. Municipal solid waste (MSW) commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of Everyday items that are discarded by the public. “Garbage"...
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Agricultural Biotechnology Solutions to Mitigate Climate Change
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
24-30
Received:
2 June 2023
Accepted:
20 June 2023
Published:
29 June 2023
Abstract: Climate change is one of the most significant concerns of the twenty-first century, with significant implications for agriculture, human populations, and ecosystems. It is caused by human actions that changes the components of the world's atmosphere and, along with variation in the natural climate, resembles time. It threatens the agricultural sector and food security, as severe weather conditions have impacted the productivity of crops globally. Heat waves, hurricanes, and thunderstorms, as well as water flow and moisture, are all affected by climate change. These alterations will have an effect on plant development, biology, and crop yields, eventually resulting in shifts in production areas and the utilization of land, which will threaten the supply of food, especially for small-scale farmers and their livelihoods. As climate change becomes a serious issue in the 21st century, agricultural biotechnology is increasingly considered a means of mitigating its effects. It is considered a successful approach for addressing climate change by producing new, high-yielding, resistant to diseases and weather-adaptive cereals as a substitute in food production. Gene editing, genetic engineering, MAS, and GMO solutions have the potential to allow us to adopt crop varieties that are more resistant to pests and diseases, as well as drought and extreme temperatures, which are caused by climate change.
Abstract: Climate change is one of the most significant concerns of the twenty-first century, with significant implications for agriculture, human populations, and ecosystems. It is caused by human actions that changes the components of the world's atmosphere and, along with variation in the natural climate, resembles time. It threatens the agricultural sect...
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Effect of Integrated NP and Vermicompost Fertilizer Rate on Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Western Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
31-37
Received:
23 February 2023
Accepted:
12 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: There are several factors that affect or hinder the productivity of potato in Ethiopia. From those factors soil fertility is the especial one. To overcome these problems, farmers were applying both organic and inorganic fertilizer to increase their production. Still there is scant of information to apply vermicompost combined with inorganic fertilizer for the production of crops. To solve the problem field experiment was conducted during the 2020/21 cropping season to assess the effect of integrated Vermicompost and NP fertilizers rate on yield and yield components of potato in Western Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in factorial arrangement. The experiment comprising three levels of vermicompost 0, 5,7.5 t ha-1 and five levels of NP fertilizers 0, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of blanket recommended rates of NP (110 kg N ha-1 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) of blanket recommended rates of NP (N, 110 kgha-1 and P2O5, 90 kg ha-1). The results indicated that highest marketable tuber number per hill, total tuber per hill and large sized tuber were significantly (P>0.05) affected by the main effect of 7.5 t ha -1 vermicompost. Whereas, the highest marketable tuber number per hill, total tuber number per hill and large sized tubers were significantly (P>0.05) affected by the main effect of 100% NP fertilizers. More over the interaction effect of Vermicompost and NP fertilizers were significant (P<0.05) on 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, marketable tuber and total tuber yield. The results of this study conclude that, integrated use of organic and in organic fertilizer were the most use full application for the cultivation of potato.
Abstract: There are several factors that affect or hinder the productivity of potato in Ethiopia. From those factors soil fertility is the especial one. To overcome these problems, farmers were applying both organic and inorganic fertilizer to increase their production. Still there is scant of information to apply vermicompost combined with inorganic fertili...
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Level of Some Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of River Pil-Gani Plateau State Nigeria
Ande Sesugh,
Itodo Adams Udoji,
Anza Samuel Vaachia,
Tyem Danjuma Idris
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
38-43
Received:
26 April 2023
Accepted:
23 May 2023
Published:
27 July 2023
Abstract: Background: River Pil-gany water just like any other is put to several uses, including human consumption. Recently, contamination and pollution of water resulting from human activities have greatly threatened the quality of water; to a point that despite the abundance of water, its availability for use is challenged. It is therefore pertinent to ascertain the quality of water bodies that have found varied uses and are surrounded by potential contamination sources. Objective: The objective therefore was to ascertain, compare and establish the level of contamination of the water and sediment of Pil-gany with respect to selected heavy metals. Method: The seasonal quality of river Pil-gany; water and sediment was assessed with regards to potential toxic heavy metals, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), through sample digestion and analysis. Results: The metals were assessed for samples obtained in December, 2018 and in August, 2019, and they included; Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. The analysis of water samples obtained from different sampling points (Angwan Tabo, Gongani, Pishe, and Zamadede), in rainy and dry seasons, gave heavy metal concentrations in the following ranges; Cd (<0.001 - 0.003), Cr (0.070 - 1.983), Cu (<0.002 – 0.003), Fe (<0.003 - 0.882), Mn (0.005 - 0.477), Pb (0.01 – 1.097), Zn (<0.021 - 0.024), all in mg/L. On the other hand, the sediment thereof was found to contain the potential toxic heavy metals at different sampling units; (Angwan Tabo, Gongani, Pishe, and Zamadede), in rainy and dry seasons; in the following ranges; Cd (1.190 – 7.540), Cr (4.730 – 20.803), Cu (4.760 – 10.500), Fe (1744.000 – 8349.327), Mn (266.000 – 373.830), Pb (0.003 – 277.000), Zn (12.200 – 19.900), all in mg/L. Conclusion: All elements tested for, were detected in water samples obtained during rainy season though, at higher concentrations compared to those obtained during dry season. From the forgoing, some metals were detected only or rather in higher concentrations during rainy season; this might be that they were freshly washed in. The potential toxic metals present in the sediment were also present in the water. Variations were observed in their contents, in which cases some were above while other below the permissible limit set by regulatory bodies (NOAA/WHO). This may be attributed to adsorption capacity of the metals to the sediment, influx from originating sources in case of non-deposit contamination as well as topography of the river. The water body is generally regarded as not safe for consumption particularly for drinking; following its contamination and potential re-contamination from sediment-to-water transfer of toxic metals.
Abstract: Background: River Pil-gany water just like any other is put to several uses, including human consumption. Recently, contamination and pollution of water resulting from human activities have greatly threatened the quality of water; to a point that despite the abundance of water, its availability for use is challenged. It is therefore pertinent to as...
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